Summary of Quanta Cura



1.0       INTRODUCTION
Being taught a great lesson by the Italian Liberals using their superior military strength, Pope Pius IX (Pio Nono) turned to his spiritual weapons with the promulgation of Quanta Cura and Syllables of error on the 8th day of December, 1864. With this, he condemned the whole ideology of liberalism found in his own age. He effectively squelched the liberal Catholics and hardened the Church in its long-standing state of siege with regards to modern liberal secular culture. This important papal document was sent to all the bishops of the Catholic world “in order that these same bishops may have before their eyes all the errors and pernicious doctrines which he [Pius IX] has reprobated and condemned.”

It is on this note that I would give my understanding on this document Quanta Cura, noting also its influence on the environment of its existence and even on my own definite environment.
2.0       AN INDEPTH APPRECIATION OF THE DOCUMENT QUANTA CURA
Pope Pius IX points out at the errors found with the Liberalist group of his time. He appeals to all Christian faithful most especially the bishops to see this call as a corporate mission which rest on him as the Vicar of Christ with a duty to protect the Church against wiles of heresies, erroneous ideologies and things contrary to morals. In unity with his predecessors, all are bound specially vested on him as leader, to defend and care for the soul from the pernicious and nefarious enterprises of wicked men who set to inflict confusion under the guise of justice and liberation. The pope considers them as slaves of corruption, wanting to raze down the foundation of the Catholic religion and of civil society. He consequently noted the evils of this liberalism (naturalism), condemning it outrightly. Below are the noted principles condemned by Pio Nono in Quanta Cura. He condemns:

·         That liberty of conscience and worship is each man’s personal right, which ought to be legally proclaimed; and asserted in every rightly constituted society; and that a right resides in the citizens to an absolute liberty, which should be restrained by no authority whether ecclesiastical or civil.[1]
·         That the Church should be separated from the state.
·         That the citizens may be able openly and publicly to manifest and declare any of their ideas whatever, either by word of mouth, by the press, or in any other way.[2]
·         That the will of the public is supreme and disregard any other law, human or divine.[3]
·         That in the political order accomplished facts, from the very circumstance that they are accomplished, have the force of right.[4]
·         That permission should be refused to citizens and to the Church, whereby they may openly give alms for the sake of Christian charity.[5]
·         That  the  law should  be  abrogated  whereby  on  certain  fixed days  servile  works  are  prohibited  because  of God's  worship; and  on  the  most  deceptive pretext  that  the  said  permission  and  law  are opposed to  the  principles  of  the  best  public economy.[6]
·         That domestic society or  the  family derives  the  whole  principle  of  its existence  from  the  civil  law  alone;  and, consequently, that on civil law  alone depend  all rights  of  parents  over  their  children,  and especially  that  of  providing  for  education.[7]
·         That  the  Church's  laws  do  not  bind  in conscience  unless  when  they  are  promulgated  by the civil power; that acts and decrees of the Roman Pontiffs, referring to religion and the Church, need the  civil  power's  sanction  and  approbation.[8]
·         That  the ecclesiastical power is not by divine right distinct from, and independent of, the civil power, and that such  distinction  and  independence  cannot  be preserved without the civil power's essential rights being  assailed  and  usurped  by  the  Church.[9]
·         That the state has a right to take the property of the Church and the religious orders.
Having definitely condemned, reprobated and proscribed these liberalist and modernist view, he declares 1865 a year of Jubilee so that the Catholic faithful may pray for disappearance of those errors.
3.0       EVALUATION AND CONCLUSION
The tonality of this encyclical depicts the circumstances surrounding its promulgation. It is very obvious that some of them have lost their authenticity at the present moment. At the same time, the encyclical helped in the revival of the Papacy which was bemoaned by reformation. There is a greater stability and respect of the papacy which came to climax at first Vatican Council. Although, absolute or extreme liberalism is very abhorrent to the divine magisterial teaching of the Church, moderate forms can offer good insight to the Church as seen in Vatican II appropriation of their benefits. One can now talk about liberation theology as a product of Liberalism.


[1] Art 3
[2] Ibid
[3] Ibid
[4] Ibid
[5] Art 4
[6] ibid
[7] ibid
[8] Art 5
[9] Ibid

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